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COMPLEX TIME: Adaptation, Aging, & Arrow of Time

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"%3AAbstract%2FBody-20size-20determines-20key-20behavioral-20and-20life-20history-20traits-20across-20species%2C-20as-20well-20as-20interactions-20between-20inspaniduals-20within-20and-20between-20species.-20Therefore%2C-20variation-20in-20sizes-20of-20immigrants%2C-20by-20exerting-20variation-20in-20trophic-20interaction-20strengths%2C-20may-20drive-20the-20trajectory-20and-20outcomes-20of-20community-20assembly.-20Here%2C-20I-20study-20the-20effects-20of-20size-20variation-20in-20the-20immigration-20pool-20on-20assembly-20dynamics-20and-20equilibrium-20distributions-20of-20sizes-20and-20consumer-2Dresource-20size-2Dratios-20using-20a-20general-20mathematical-20model.-20I-20find-20that-20because-20small-20sizes-20both%2C-20improve-20the-20ability-20to-20invade-20and-20destabilize-20the-20community%2C-20invasibility-20and-20stability-20pull-20body-20size-20distributions-20in-20opposite-20directions%2C-20favoring-20an-20increase-20in-20both-20size-20and-20size-2Dratios-20during-20assembly%2C-20and-20ultimately-20yielding-20a-20right-2Dskewed-20size-20and-20a-20symmetric-20size-2Dratio-20distribution.-20In-20many-20scenarios%2C-20the-20result-20at-20equilibrium-20is-20a-20systematic-20increase-20in-20body-20sizes-20and-20size-2Dratios-20with-20trophic-20level.-20Thus-20these-20patterns-20in-20size-20structure-20are-20%27signatures%27-20of-20dynamically-20constrained%2C-20non-2Dneutral-20community-20assembly.-20I-20also-20show-20that-20for-20empirically-20feasible-20distributions-20of-20body-20sizes-20in-20the-20immigration-20pool%2C-20immigration-20bias-20in-20body-20sizes-20cannot-20counteract-20dynamical-20constraints-20during-20assembly-20and-20thus-20signatures-20emerge-20consistently.-20I-20test-20the-20theoretical-20predictions-20using-20data-20from-20nine-20terrestrial-20and-20aquatic-20communities-20and-20find-20strong-20evidence-20that-20natural-20communities-20do-20indeed-20exhibit-20such-20signatures-20of-20dynamically-20constrained-20assembly.-20Overall%2C-20the-20results-20provide-20new-20measures-20to-20detect-20general%2C-20non-2Dneutral-20patterns-20in-20community-20assembly-20dynamics%2C-20and-20show-20that-20in-20general%2C-20body-20size-20is-20dominant-20trait-20that-20strongly-20influences-20assembly-20and-20recovery-20of-20natural-20communities-20and-20ecosystems." contains a listed "%" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.

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