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- Cognitive Regime Shift II - When/why/how the Brain Breaks/RobertoCabeza + (Cabeza et al. (2018) is a consensus opinio … Cabeza et al. (2018) is a consensus opinion paper on of three popular terms in the cognitive neuroscience of aging and dementia, which are all related to the concept of robustness: reserve, maintenance, and compensation. "Reserve" is defined as the cumulative improvement, due to genetic and/ or environmental factors, of neural resources that mitigates the effects of neural decline caused by aging or age-related diseases. "Maintenance" refers to the preservation of neural resources, which entails ongoing repair and replenishment of the brain in response to damage incurred at cellular and molecular levels due to ‘wear and tear.’ Finally, "compensation" refers to the cognition-enhancing recruitment of neural resources in response to relatively high cognitive demand.</br></br>Cabeza, Stanley, and Moscovitch (2018) argue that, compared to large-scale networks, cognitive theories are easier to relate to mini-networks called process specific alliances (PSAs). A PSA is small team of brain regions that rapidly assemble to mediate a cognitive process in response to task demands but quickly disassemble when the process is no longer needed.mble when the process is no longer needed.)